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Land, River & Hispanic Settlements Timeline
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Moors Occupy Spain
1492 "La Reconquista" (reconquest) of Granada, Spain; Moors and Jews driven out of southern Spain Spanish Exploration of the Caribbean and Mexico 1492 Columbus voyages to the Americas 1519 Cortés arrives in Valley of Mexico 1521 Conquest of Tenochtítlan (Aztecs) by Cortés 1521-1561 Spanish consolidation of Mexico, consisting of expeditions and settlements Spanish Exploration of New Mexico 1528-1536 Pánfilo de Narváez expedition shipwrecked near Galveston, Texas; survivors traverse New Mexico 1539 Fray Marcos de Niza expedition 1540-1542 Coronado expedition to New Mexico 1581 Rodríguez, Chamuscado expedition to New Mexico 1582 Beltrán, Espejo expedition to New Mexico 1590 Castaño de Sosa expedition to New Mexico 1595 Leyba, Umana expedition to New Mexico Juan de Oñate contracted to colonize New Mexico Spanish Colonial Era in New Mexico 1598 First colony in New Mexico established at San Juan de los Caballeros 1607 Santa Fe founded 1610 Santa Fe established as the first villa real (royal city), and Capital of New Mexico 1680 Pueblo Revolt - Pueblo Indians in New Mexico revolt and expel the Spaniards, driving them south from New Mexico to El Paso del Norte, in present day Ciudad Júarez, Mexico 1692-1693 Don Diego de Vargas led the entrada or reconquest into New Mexico, re-establishing Spanish rule in New Mexico 1695 Santa Cruz de la Cañada established as the second villa real in New Mexico 1706 Albuquerque established as the third villa real in New Mexico 1776 American independence from England Mexican Period in New Mexico 1821 Mexico gained independence from Spain and claimed New Mexico as its province 1821 Spanish restrictions on trade with the United States lifted; Santa Fe Trail officially opens, originating in Franklin, Missouri 1834 First printing press arrives in New Mexico 1846-1848 Mexican-American War declared; occupation of New Mexico by United States army Territorial Period in New Mexico 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo officially ended Mexican-American War 1850 New Mexico becomes a territory of the United States 1862 Battle at Glorieta Pass; Confederate troops defeated and fled south to Texas 1878-1879 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe railroad crossed into New Mexico, reaching Las Vegas, New Mexico 1891 Free public education became law 1898 Public lands dedicated to schools Statehood of New Mexico 1912 New Mexico becomes the 47th state of the Union Contemporary Period in New Mexico 1932 Indian Claims Commission established to return lost reservation lands 1940 Kirtland Air Force Base and Sandia Nuclear Weapons Lab open 1943 The Denver and Santa Fe Railroad abandoned; Manhattan Project takes over the site of the Los Alamos Ranch School for development of atomic bomb 1945 Successful atomic explosion at Trinity Site 150 miles south of Albuquerque 1950s Diesel engines replace steam engines, round houses closed across country 1980s International publicity projects Santa Fe as a `Tahiti in the Desert'; increased tourism occurs
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