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GOAL
Students will observe and record architectural details on a walking tour of an historic neighborhood. They will collect examples of specific details or
building parts in sketch journals and with slide film. The students will then use these materials to produce a slide presentation that promotes the diversity and singularity of their city or town. CLIENT The Tourist and Visitor's Bureau is preparing a television advertisement of your town for national distribution. They want to reflect the pride we
share in the architectural landscape of the Southwest by focusing on the details that make Southwest buildings unique. Your class has been
selected to produce a slide show of an historic neighborhood that will be incorporated into the television spot.
back to topCONCEPTS Analogy of architecture to the human body:
three parts of a building cornice (head, cap), midsection (torso), base (legs, feet), entrance, supports, facade, windows MATERIALS
- black felt tip markers
- sketch books
- camera with slide film
- slide projector
- neighborhood map
VOCABULARY
APPLIQUE: |
decoration fastened to a larger backing. |
ARCH: |
curved or pointed structure that supports the weight of material over an open space, such as a bridge or a
doorway. |
BAY WINDOW: |
window unit that projects outward from the main façade; shapes can be angled, square or semi-round. |
BEAM: |
a horizontal form resting on vertical supports or posts. |
BOSS: |
raised ornamentation. |
BRACKET: |
an overhanging member that projects from a structure and is designed to support a vertical load |
COLONNADE: |
a series of spaced columns. |
COLUMN: |
a post consisting of a base, a shaft and a capital, which usually supports a form. |
|
CORBEL: |
an architectural member that projects from a column to support the weight of the horizontal beam; usually
stepped upward and outward. |
CORNICE: |
a horizontal molding projecting along the top of a wall, building; the top part of an entablature. |
COURSES: |
layers; continuous horizontal ranges of masonry throughout a wall. |
CORRUGATED: |
formed into regular folds and grooves. |
DENTIL: |
small, projecting rectangular blocks under a cornice; small teeth. |
FAÇADE: |
the front exterior of a building. |
FRIEZE: |
a decoration or series of decorations, often sculptural, forming an ornamental band around a room or a
building. |
GABLE: |
the triangular wall enclosed by sloping ends of a ridged roof; a triangular decorative feature over a door
or window; a dormer window is usually placed under a small gable. |
GRILL WORK: |
grating of open metal work forming a barrier or screen. |
LINTEL: |
horizontal architectural member spanning and carrying the load above an opening. |
MOLDING: |
a decorative variety of shaped strips of wood or plaster used around doors, windows, ceilings or roofs.
|
PANELED: |
a skin of wood or other material made up of sections to cover parts of walls. |
PARAPET: |
low walls about the edge of a roof, bridge or fort. |
PATTERN: |
an arrangement of shapes or forms in a regularly repeating configuration. |
PEDIMENT: |
a low-pitched gable on the front of some buildings, or over doors or windows, recalling classical Greek
forms. |
PORTAL: |
a doorway, gate or entrance, especially a large and imposing one. |
PORTICO: |
colonnaded porch or ambulatory often at the entrance to a building. |
POST: |
vertical support such as a column. |
RAMADA: |
colonnaded walkway with partially open roofing. |
ROOF PITCH: |
the angle of a roof's slope. |
SCALLOP: |
one of a continuous series of circle segments forming a border or overlapping each other. |
SHINGLE: |
small, thin piece of building material laid in overlapping, staggered rows to cover a roof or sides of a
building. |
STAINED GLASS: |
glass stained with color for use in windows. |
STORY: |
horizontal division of a building's exterior. |
TOWER: |
structure that is higher than its diameter and high relative to neighboring structures. |
TURRET: |
a little tower. |
WINDOW: |
an opening in a wall for admission of light and air; covered in transparent or translucent material,
usually glass, and may be opened or shut. DOUBLE-HUNG windows slide open and closed in a vertical groove, and both members are movable. MULTI-PANE windows are composed of many small,
usually rectangular, sections, which typically are stationary. A SIDELIGHT is the stationary window, which runs vertically beside a door to admit additional
light. An OVERLIGHT is a similar window over the door. |
ZAGUAN: |
(Spanish) a gate; heavy, wooden double entryway, often incorporating a smaller, pedestrian entrance. |
back to topHISTORY Details make the difference and express the unique features of a building.
|
|
|
Victorian Siding |
Stones |
Fish-scale |
|
|
|
Brick and Pebbles |
|
Adobe |
A hand-sculpted wooden door warmly greets your guests. The intricate
moldings of Territorial style doors and windows silently attest to the skill and pride of the craftsman. Fish-scale shingles and hand-smoothed adobe
facades are appealing to our senses through their tactile qualities. Buildings, like people, have their own individual personalities and spirits.
Details can express the personality of the architecture. Carved wooden doors can reflect warmth and hospitality while cold steel doors can speak
of power and authority. They type of windows used can dictate the character of a place. Multi-paned Palladian windows (Italian style) can
remind us of an earlier historical period. Leaded stained glass windows can transform the interior of a place through their introduction of color, along with light, into a space.
Facade of Church
|
How is a building like a person?
- top (roof/head)
- middle (midsection/torso)
- and base (foundation/legs,feet)
Building facades come in a variety of colors and textures.
- mud-brown adobe
- fired red or tan brick
- painted board
- textured stucco
- reinforced concrete
- glass
- aluminum siding
back to topPROGRAM
The class will identify the architectural details and building parts to be recorded. These should include:
- roof profiles
- entryways
- porches
- columns
- windows
- molding
- corbels/brackets
- facades
- cornices
- ornament
The students will choose a category and be responsible for recording examples in their sketchbooks while on the walking tour. Have your
students label each sketch and note the address and the building's name, if known. Choose an area for the walking tour which will best yield diverse examples
of details. Map the area and plan your route. You may design the walking tour for an historic neighborhood, downtown, or a restoration area.
Students should take turns using the camera to record specific details and aspects of the architecture. Be sure to keep a log of each photograph taken.
When the slides are developed have your students arrange them into categories. The students should work in small groups to write the
narrative, choose the background music, and select the best slides for their presentations. You may want to record the audio portion of the presentations with a cassette recorder.
The narrative should address the following points:
- Identification of detail, building type, and building materials.
- The use of color, texture, shape, line and size.
- Interpretation of the message of the detail. Does the detail "fit" the rest of the building? Does it proclaim the building's personality?
Does it repeat a theme? Imagine the form of the building without this detail or with another kind of detail
- Indication of the students' pride in their city's architecture
back to top
PRESENTATION AND EVALUATION Have each group of students present their slide shows to the class, with live or pre-recorded narration. Encourage the audience to ask the
"experts" questions such as:
- Why did you choose these specific examples?
- How are the examples similar and different?
- What could you determine about the city from this presentation?
- Are you proud of this architecture? Why or why not?
- What might people in Chicago, Illinois; Seattle, Washington; or Atlanta, Georgia think when they see the television advertisement of your town?
back to top
For additional evaluation of your students' projects, see the EVALUATION FORM AND RATING SCALE
.
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